Explain how you might apply change, leadership, and/or advocacy theories and processes to implement the expert recommendation.

Application: Applying Change, Leadership, and Advocacy Theories and Processes to Societal Issues

Most human services professionals come into their professions to make a difference. Doing so at the societal level is both a challenge and an opportunity. Being a successful social change agent, leader, and advocate requires both skill and commitment. To accomplish large-scale change to address societal issues, human services professionals often review the recommendations others have made. They might then adopt or modify those recommendations to fit with the specific issues they are attempting to address.

To prepare for this Assignment, review this week’s Learning Resources. Reflect on the societal issue you selected for the Discussion. Think about how you might apply the theories and processes of change, leadership, and advocacy to address your issue.

The Assignment (2–3 pages):

•Briefly describe the societal issue you used for the Discussion.
•Describe the expert recommendations from your review of the literature that most closely aligns with or capitalizes on social change, leadership, or advocacy.
•Explain how you might apply change, leadership, and/or advocacy theories and processes to implement the expert recommendation. Be specific, and provide examples to illustrate your points.

Support your Application Assignment by citing all resources in APA style, including those in the Learning Resources.

Social Issue
Palliative care refers to the medical approach that seeks to promote patients’ quality of life, as well as their families. This care affects terminally ill patients and aims at preventing and relieving their pain. The process encompasses the early identification, assessment, and treatment of physical, spiritual and psychosocial pain. However, research reveals that hospitals use inventive techniques in palliative care when it comes to terminally ill elderly individuals. Their primary aim is to conserve resources and expenses. They have withheld essential treatment procedures to accelerate the dying process. This social issue is common in Liverpool, England where terminal ill patients are dying as a result of the discriminative end of life treatment. The hospitals justify their actions with the assertion that the patients were going to die, regardless. The issue calls for a distinction between advocacy and change views concerning palliative care (Coventry, Grande, Richards, & Todd, 2005).
Recommendations
The relevant institutions should intervene and direct that physicians undergo appropriate training and certification in palliative care as a requirement. This directive should outlaw and prosecute any practices aimed at accelerating the death of terminally ill patients without their consent. Specifically, they should require that clinicians who care for such patients to show competence in basic palliative care including inter-professional collaboration, communication, and system management (HUNTZINGER, 2008).
Second, the government should recommend that hospitals place terminally ill patients under the care of their families and specialized homes. In this case, advanced palliative care would happen as individuals closer to them have the ability to make appropriate decisions. This package includes constant home visits to assess their daily progress (Homan, 2011).
Ethical Challenges
Constant intervention from regulatory institutions would pass for privacy invasion. Indeed, HCPs would perceive the government and other regulatory entities as overly invasive in their operations. Physicians believe that they have the ability to be independent and competent decision makers when it comes to health care (Ludwick & Silva, 2003).
The primary ethical challenge relating to home care is the family’s inability to care for terminally ill members. Note that families are characteristic of being poor decision makers in terms of pain management and treatment procedures. They would also lack adequate knowledge concerning palliative care (Ludwick & Silva, 2003).
Solutions to Ethical Challenges
The government should collaborate with facilities in providing additional resources and education on palliative care. On the contrary, hospitals should not view this collaboration as invasive. They should, instead, aim at placing patients’ needs ahead of theirs’. Second, hospitals should educate family members on the fundamentals of palliative care. This move would help them in cases of early discharge (National Organization for Human Services).

References
Coventry, P., Grande, G., Richards, D., & Todd, C. (2005). Prediction of appropriate timing of palliative care for older adults with non-malignant life-threatening disease: a systematic review. Age and Ageing; 34 (3), 218-227.
Homan, M. S. (2011). Promoting community change: Making it happen in the real world (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
HUNTZINGER, A. (2008). ACP Releases Recommendations for Palliative Care at the End of Life. American Family Physician; 78(9), 1093-1096.
Ludwick, R., & Silva, M. (2003). Ethics: Ethical Challenges in the Care of Elderly Persons. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 9 No. 1, www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume92004/No1Jan04/EthicalChallenges.aspx.
National Organization for Human Services. (n.d.). Ethical standards for human services professionals. Retrieved April 23, 2015, from National Organization for Human


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