1.  Watch the video on Shoulder Muscle Injuries.

a. Name three activities a person could injure their bicep tendon performing?

b. I.  What is an acute injury?  What is a chronic repetitive stress injury?

II  If a weightlifter performed 225 repetitions of a bicep curl with a 10 pound weight, this would be an example of a _____________ injury.

c. After the injury, he had pain to the touch and felt sharp pain and weakness when trying to lift his back pack.  What grade injury does the person most likely have?

d. What would be appropriate treatment to try at home at first before seeking professional help?

e. Does a person need to see a surgeon for a grade 1 or mild grade 2 tear?

f.  How is a bicep tendon sprain different than a supraspinatus sprain?

g.  Why does the patient experience pain with orthopedic testing?  What are the tests trying to determine?

h. What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?

I. Does a person with teres minor tendonitis have pain in different places and with different tests than a supraspinatus sprain?  Even through they both make up the rotator cuff?

Watch this video by Dr. Gil Hedley on fascia and scar tissue.

 

 

J. Frozen shoulder is a condition where the shoulder forms excessive scar tissue and “freezes up.”   Watch the video on Frozen Shoulder.  What causes frozen shoulder to occur?

K.  Who is most commonly affected by the condition and how long does it last?

L. What does the article on scar tissue in muscles, say about scar tissue and its use in the body?

M. Is all scar tissue bad?

N. If excessive scar tissue forms in shoulder muscles, what injuries can occur?

O.  Why are the treatments successful at breaking up scar tissue?  What can you do at home and the gym to prevent excessive scar tissue formation?

P. Muscle Coordination Since injuries often involve more than one muscle or joint, do we work on the system involved or the single muscle only?

Q.  When talking about muscles.  What are synergist and antagonist muscles.

R. What are the common causes of shin splints and what muscle is most commonly involved? Shin Splints Video

S.  What is plantar fasciitis?  Is it a muscle, tendon, or ligament injury?  Why is the tissue on the bottom of the foot likely to become injured?  What can be done to prevent the injury?

T.  Watch and read Golfer’s and Tennis Elbow article and videos.

More information can be found at Lateral epicondylitis and medial epicondylitis

What is Golfer’s Elbow and how is it different from Tennis Elbow?  What injuries causes / predispose Golfer’s Elbow and what motion’s causes tennis elbow?

 

Part II

Will require you to use your lecture book for information.  You may have to use other resources such as lab books or google searches.

CNS

A.  Does the central nervous system mean brain only?

B.  How is the spinal cord protected?

C. Does the development and structure of spinal vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and joints produce a balance of protection and movement?  Explain?  Explain what would happen if we were solid bone without any joints?  Would it be more protective?  What would happen if we had less bone protecting the spinal cord, would we have greater movement?

D.  Is the brain protected well from outside trauma?  What happens to the soft squishy brain if there is swelling or an accumulation of fluid inside the cranium?  What is this condition called?

E. T/F – The brain stem controls are basic functions like breathing and heart rate?

F. Are there specialized areas of the brain?  Please give three examples and what specialized functions they perform?

D. Does the cerebral cortex control the highest level of integration and thinking?  Is this very well developed or minimally developed in humans?  Is it more or less developed in birds and reptiles?

G. Is there an area of the brain that controls the ability to talk and say the words?  Is this area different than the area to understand what is being said by another person?   Explain in more detail.

H.  If a stroke damaged the area of my brain that allows me to say “alligator,”  would I still be able to write the word or identify an alligator on TV?

I.  Alligators are ornery ’cause of their “medulla oblongata”! – “Bobby Boucher, Waterboy”  – What area is not very well developed in Alligators?

J. What is a concussion?

K. Please give an example of a severe concussion in football and what the process is before the player can return to the field?  (Google “NFL concussion protocol”)

L.  Could a person have vision changes, headaches, sleeping difficulty or memory loss after a concussion?  Please explain.

 

Nerves

 

The following questions involve named nerves from the brachioplexus.

References for following questions.

1. Radial Nerve  controls finger extension.

2. Median nerve controls thumb opposition

3. Ulnar Nerve controls 5th digit finger flexion.

 

Watch Ulnar Nerve in Hand

 

Upper Extremity Nerves

 

Read and watch video on

Cubital Tunnel Entrapment

 

 

A.   A motor neuron leaves the spinal cord and travels to a muscle.  If the motor neuron that leaves the cervical spine and travels down to the right little finger is severed at the elbow, what would be the resulting symptoms?

 

B.  What happens when you bump your “funny bone” against the wall?  What do you feel in your little finger?  What nerve is involved?

 

C. Does the ulnar nerve have sensory fibers, motor fibers, or both?  Please explain.

 

D. What if a fall fractured the olecranan process and moderately damaged the ulnar nerve, what symptoms would you have in your hand?

 

An entrapment is a term that describes compression on a nerve or artery that is causing symptoms.  For example, carpal tunnel is an entrapment of the median nerve which causes numbness, tingling, or weakness in the first three digits. Removing the compression or entrapment allows the nerve to heel and return to normal functions.

 

E.  Read and watch the video about Tunnel of Guyon Syndrome  and read the page about Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

What are common causes of this syndromes?  What are the resulting symptoms?

How does this look and act different than ulnar nerve compression at the elbow?  What symptoms would be present in cubital tunnel syndrome that would not be found in Tunnel of Guyon syndrome?

 

F. What happens in Saturday Night Palsy?  What are the signs and symptoms?  How is it different than ulnar nerve entrapment?  What fingers are affected?  Is there any muscle weakness or sensation loss?

 

G.  Thoracic outlet syndrome  commonly occurs in two locations because of different muscle spasms.  Pectoralis minor spasms or scalene muscle spasms can compress the artery and nerves as it travels from the neck and into the shoulder resulting in symptoms.  What are the symptoms?  Does it affect the entire hand and all the fingers, or only a few?

 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Treatment vs Thoracic Outlet.

What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?  Can it only be entrapped in one place?

How is thoracic outlet syndrome different than carpal tunnel?  How are they similar?  What would be two of the most obvious patient symptoms that distinguishes between carpal tunnel and thoracic outlet syndrome?

 

I.  What nerve controls finger extension?  Would a compression of this nerve cause weakness in finger extension and finger flexion?  Why not?

 

J.  If a friend complains of clumsiness in their hands with repetitive movement, weakness in thumb strength, and tingling in their second and third fingers;  do you suspect damage to their ulnar nerve?  If not, what nerve do you suspect?