Topic: A history of modern AfricaOrder DescriptionAFN 122 – 900 1Professor Michael PartisFall 2015Make-Up Final Exam​​​​​Instructions: Put your exam answers into one document and number each answer. Make sure you use Times Roman font, size 12, and conventional margins. Send your exam asa MS Word document and have that file attached to your email message.Answers should reflect a student’s critical thinking, utilize material and explanations from the assigned textbook, and information shared during class sessions (i.e.lectures by the professor, supplemental readings, handouts, and class discussion). Answers that reflect reliance on and/or engage with internet sources, or materialfrom outside the course, will lose points.Grading Criteria: Each answer will be evaluated based on the I) strength of your thesis and II) the accuracy and relevance of your data. Excellent answers will beexplanatory; have a strong thesis that focuses on causation and historical significance; and data that is exact to the question posed, and logically related to thestated thesis.A) Strength of Thesis (1 point)● You clearly provide a direct answer to the question, supported by an argument.● Your thesis goes beyond “yes I agree” or “no I do not agree”?B) Analysis (2 points)● Do you use evidence and information from the text to support your thesis? Do you utilize data and research findings?● Do you addresses causation and impact – Do you logically discuss “causes and effects”? Can you identify what is important, influential, or significant? Why it is so?What is the measure of the impact or influence? This is critical thinking and logic.C) Examples from the text (2 points)• Data and information from the book❖ Thus, every answer should:1) Have a Thesis:a. a clear answer to the question posed2) Make an Argument:a. provide the main reasons for the thesis you have come to3) Provide an Analysis:a. provide the data and information that supports your argument4) Demonstrate Critical Thinking and Logic:a. throughout the entire essay, you must evaluate cause-and-effect, identify influential factors, discuss the relationship between important factors, and explain whyyour conclusions make sensePart Two – 5 pointsDirections: Answer the following question in two to three paragraphs.I. Choose one of the following themes/topics and discuss how it is examined in Kamara-Umunna and Hollard book And Still Peace Did Not Come: truth and reconciliation,violence and war, peace and cooperation.Part Two – 20 pointsDirections: Answer each question in two to three paragraphs. Each answer is worth 2 points. Answers less than two paragraphs, will automatically lose 2 points.1. Choose one of the following African leaders Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, and Jomo Keyatta and discuss how they deal with the following issues:a. White settlers in Africab. European colonization’s political controlc. African racial identity and ethnic solidarityd. Economic systems2. How did Africans use violence to end colonization and gain independence?3. Explain how Africans themselves were incorporated into the maintenance and administration of European colonialism?4. Explain the tension between White settlement and their need for labor, compared to Africa small-scale farmers and entrepreneurs. Discuss how Kenya, NorthernRhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia, becomes examples of this tension.5. Describe European’s interference disrupts African social tradition. What were the consequence of colonial education and civilizing efforts? How did the Europeaninvention of “the tribe” ignore the history of African identity groups?6. How does control of cash crops (see p. 194 to 199), industrialization, and White settler ownership impact laborer’s solidarity and ethnic unity?7. Discuss how North African nationalism and Islamic protest combated European imperialism and colonization.8. How did the apartheid regime in South Africa fight to maintain colonial power? Explain how the political actions of the South African nationalism combated the whitesettler minority and the Apartheid regime.9. What challenges did newly independent African nation-states face when attempting to form “black economies” and exercising economic sovereignty?10. What political difficulties did African leaders face in trying to create national unity and successful political systems?